Ii-molecular seeves, njenge-adsorbents kunye ne-catalysts ezisebenzayo kakhulu, zidlala indima ebalulekileyo kumashishini afana nee-petrochemicals, ukwahlukana kwegesi, kunye nemveliso ye-oksijini yezonyango. Iintlobo ezahlukeneyo zee-molecular seeves, ezinobukhulu bazo obukhethekileyo bee-pore kunye neempawu zeekhemikhali, zenzelwe ukusetyenziswa kwemizi-mveliso eyahlukeneyo. Eli nqaku libonelela ngentshayelelo eneenkcukacha kwi-3A, 4A, 5A, 13X (kubandakanya i-13X HP kunye ne-13X APG), kunye nee-lithium molecular seeves, ezigubungela iinkcazo zazo, iimpawu, usetyenziso, kunye neeparamitha eziphambili ukunceda abafundi baqonde ngokupheleleyo ukusebenza okugqwesileyo kwezi "industrial seeves".
Ii-molecular seeves zii-crystalline aluminosilicates ezinezakhiwo ezifanayo ze-microporous ezifunxa ii-molecules ngokukhethekileyo ngokusekelwe kubukhulu kunye ne-polarity. Ifomyula yazo yekhemikhali ngokubanzi yile:
Mx/n[(AlO2)x(SiO2)y]⋅mH2O
aphoMimele ii-cations (umz., Na⁺, K⁺, Ca²⁺),nyi-cation valence, kwayex/yimisela ubungakanani bembobo.
Isihluzo seMolekyuli se-3A
Isihluzo semolekyuli se-Type A esitshintshiweyo se-potassium ion (K⁺) esinobukhulu be-pore obuyi ~3 Å (0.3 nm).
Iimbonakalo:
Ifunxa iimolekyuli zamanzi kuphela (ububanzi obuyi-2.8 Å), ngaphandle kweemolekyuli ezinkulu (umz., i-ethylene, i-propane).
Amandla aphezulu oomatshini kunye nokumelana okunamandla nongcoliseko.
Izicelo:
- Ukomiswa nzulu kwe-ethanol kunye negesi yepetroleum enyibilikisiweyo.
- Ukuphelelwa ngamanzi kwiifriji.
- Ukuthintela ukufuma kwiiplastiki.
4A Isihluzo seMolekyuli:
Isihluzo semolekyuli yohlobo lwe-A esekelwe kwi-sodium ion (Na⁺) esinobukhulu bembobo eyi-4 Å (0.4 nm).
Iimbonakalo:
Ifunxa iimolekyuli ezincinci ezifana namanzi, i-methanol, i-ethanol, kunye ne-CO₂.Isetyenziswa kakhulu kwizicelo zokomisa kwimizi-mveliso nakubathengi.
Izicelo:
- Ukususa ubumanzi kwiinkqubo zomoya oxinzelelweyo.
- Ukhuseleko lokufuma kwamayeza kunye nezinto ze-elektroniki.
- Isakhi sesepha (ukuthambisa amanzi).
Isihluzo seMolekyuli se-5A
Isihluzo semolekyuli yohlobo lwe-A esitshintshiweyo nge-calcium ion (Ca²⁺) esinobukhulu be-pore obuyi-5 Å (0.5 nm).
Iimbonakalo:
- Ifunxa ii-alkanes ezithe nkqo (umz., C₃H₈, n-C₄H₁₀) kodwa ayibandakanyi ii-hydrocarbons ezinamasebe.
- Isetyenziselwa ukwahlulwa kwe-isomer ekucoceni ipetroli.
Izicelo: - Ukucoca nge-petroleum dewaxing (ukuphucula iipropati zokuhamba kwedizili ebandayo).
- Ukwahlulwa kwe-oxygen-nitrogen (ukuveliswa kwe-PSA oxygen).
- Ukususwa kwe-H₂S kunye ne-CO₂ yendalo (igesi yendalo).
Isihluzo seMolekyuli se-13X
Isihluzo semolekyuli sohlobo lweSodium X esinobukhulu bembobo eyi-10 Å (1.0 nm) kunye nommandla ophezulu.
Iimbonakalo:
Umthamo ongaqhelekanga wokufunxa iimolekyuli ezinkulu (umz., ii-aromatics, i-hydrogen sulfide).
Isetyenziswa kakhulu ekucoceni nasekuhlukaniseni igesi.
Izicelo:
Ukwahlulwa komoya (ukuveliswa kweoksijini/initrogen).
Ukomiswa kwegesi yendalo kunye nokususwa kwekhabhoni (ukususwa kwe-CO₂).
Unyango lwegesi yenkunkuma yemizi-mveliso (ukufunxwa kwe-VOCs).
13X HP (Ukusebenza Okuphezulu)
Inkcazo: Isihluzo se-molecular se-13X esilungiselelwe kakuhle esinomthamo ophezulu wokufunxa kunye namandla okutyumza.
Iimbonakalo:
- Umthamo wokufunxa uphezulu nge-15–20% kune-13X eqhelekileyo.
- Ifanelekile kwiindawo ezinoxinzelelo oluphezulu kunye nomswakama ophezulu.
Izicelo: - Iiyunithi zokwahlula umoya ezibizwa ngokuba yi-cryogenic air.
- Ukuveliswa kwegesi ecocekileyo kakhulu (umz., i-nitrogen ye-elektroniki).
I-13X APG (Udidi lweNqwelomoya)
Isihluzo se-molecular se-13X esenziwe ngcono ngenqwelomoya esinothuli oluphantsi kunye nozinzo oluphezulu.
Iimbonakalo:
Iyahambelana nemigangatho yeenqwelo-moya (umz., i-MIL-D-3464E).
Ayikwazi ukumelana nokukhukuliseka kokuhamba kwegesi, iphila ixesha elide.
Izicelo:
Iinkqubo zokujikeleza komoya kwiinqwelo-moya (ukuveliswa kweoksijini kwikhabhini).
Ukucocwa kwegesi yeenqwelo-moya.
Isihluzo seLithium Molecular (Li-LSX)
Isihluzo se-molecular se-lithium ion (Li⁺) esitshintshiweyo nge-X-type esinobukhulu be-pore obuyi ~9 Å.
Iimbonakalo:
- Ukukhetha okunamandla kokufunxwa kwe-nitrogen (N₂), okuvumela ukwahlukana kwe-oxygen-nitrogen ngokufanelekileyo.
- Isetyenziselwa ukuvelisa ioksijini esebenza kakuhle.
- Izicelo:
- Izixinanisi zeoksijini zonyango (>90% O₂ ubumsulwa).
- Ukutsha okutyebiswe yioksijini kwii-oven eziqhumayo.
- Iinkqubo zokuxhasa ubomi kwiinqanawa ezingaphantsi kwamanzi nakwiziphekepheke.
| Uhlobo | Ubungakanani bembobo | Uhlobo lweCation | Iimolekyuli eziphambili ezifakwe kwi-Adsorbed | Isicelo |
| 3X | 3 | K⁺ | H₂O | Ukuphelelwa ngamanzi kwi-ethanol, ukomisa i-LPG |
| 4X | 4 | Na⁺ | H₂O, CO₂, CH₃OH | Ukomisa ngomoya, izinto zokuhlamba |
| 5X | 5 | I-Ca²⁺ | i-n-alkanes, i-H₂S | Ukucoca nge-petroleum dewaxing, PSA O₂ |
| 13X | 10 | Na⁺ | CO₂, H₂S, ii-aromatics | Ukucocwa kwegesi yendalo, ukwahlulwa komoya |
| 13X HP | 10 | I-Na⁺ (ilungisiwe) | Iimolekyuli ezinkulu zegesi | Imveliso yegesi ecocekileyo kakhulu |
| I-13X APG | 10 | Uthuli oluphantsi (Na⁺) | Ukucocwa kwegesi yeenqwelomoya | Iinkqubo zeoksijini zeenqwelo-moya |
| I-Li-LSX | 9 | ULi⁺ | N₂ (ekhethwayo) | Izinto ezigcina ioksijini yezonyango |
Ixesha leposi: Epreli-03-2025